2017 Updates
Disclaimer: These updates are still in progress. If you decide to use these with your class please give us feedback on how we could improve by emailing us at sep@fredhutch.org.
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ELISA - Teacher GuideThe ELISA Teacher Guide provides an overview, timeline and prep information including the solutions and dilutions guide as well as aliquot summary.
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General ELISA - Tech GuideThis is the student protocol for ELISA which can be applied to any infection or topic that you're current covering with your class. Build your own scenario by filling in the "patient" information for the "samples" the students will run.
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General ELISA - Data & AnalysisStudent Data & Analysis sheet for a general ELISA protocol that can be edited to fit many different scenarios.
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HIV ELISA - Tech GuideThis is a student ELISA protocol that simulates how ELISA could be used for HIV detection.
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HIV ELISA - Data & AnalysisStudent Data & Analysis sheet for the HIV ELISA scenario.
Editable Word Version:
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ELISA - Teacher Guide (editable)The ELISA Teacher Guide provides an overview, timeline and prep information including the solutions and dilutions guide as well as aliquot summary.
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General ELISA - Tech Guide (editable)This is the student protocol for ELISA which can be applied to any infection or topic that you're current covering with your class. Build your own scenario by filling in the "patient" information for the "samples" the students will run.
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General ELISA - Data & Analysis (editable)Student Data & Analysis sheet for a general ELISA protocol that can be edited to fit many different scenarios.
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HIV ELISA - Tech Guide (editable)This is a student ELISA protocol that simulates how ELISA could be used for HIV detection.
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HIV ELISA - Data & Analysis (editable)Student Data & Analysis sheet for the HIV ELISA scenario.
Games!
The world of gaming is colliding with science education - here are our favorite educational games.
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Medical Mysteries on the WebFeatures infectious diseases.
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Immune Attack!From the Federation of American Scientists - students navigate a nanobot through a 3D environment of blood vessels and connective tissue in an attempt to save an ailing patient by retraining her non-functional immune cells.
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Pandemic Board GameYou are specialists at the CDC/Atlanta. Several virulent diseases break out all over the world. Your mission is to prevent a worldwide pandemic outbreak, treating hot spots while researching cures.
Useful Links
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Rx for SurvivialExplore the distribution of many of the world's most troubling diseases and some of the socioeconomic factors that affect their prevalence and impact.
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Jmol tutorial of antibody molecular structureOne of many excellent molecular visualizations and tutorials by Eric Martz and colleagues who created BioMolecular Explorer3D. These tools work in a web browser--Chime or other software is not needed.
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The Immunology Lab from HHMI's BiointeractiveThis virtual laboratory demonstrates how a test, termed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is carried out and some experimental problems that may be encountered. By completing this exercise, students gain a better understanding of experimental design, key concepts in immunological reactions, and interpretation of data.
Concepts Covered
* The basis of humoral immunity
* The foundation for ELISA
* Potential sources of error
* Sensitivity and specificity
In The News
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Bird flu human-to-human spread unlikelyArticle concerning H5N1 and human-to-human transmission.
{A place for articles, news clips, etc covering topics related to each specific kit}
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Experts Say Swine Flu Mutations Do Not Warrant New AlarmH1N1 flu resistant to Tamiflu has popped up in a few isolated cases.
How Immunofluorescence Works
Kit Description
3 Kits
2 Crates per Kit
This kit is a simulated detection of avian flu influenza via an ELISA assay. Students are County Health Officials and are assigned the task of analyzing sera of a bird and a cat via ELISA to detect the presence of avian influenza. The kit also includes some models for demonstrating how the ELISA assay works and about antibody structure. Additional resources and journals are included to inform and educate students on the impending avian flu situation across the globe.
NOTES:
1) Teachers must attend a training workshop to sign up for an ELISA Kit.
2) Teacher supplies distilled water to dilute PBS, paper towels and timers for wash steps.
ELISA Notebook Table of Contents
| Table of Contents | ||
| Tab | Document | |
| Kit Inventory | Complete List of Equipment and Materials Included ELISA Kit Inventory List |
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| Curriculum Overview | Title Page This is the Title Page for the ELISA Notebook. |
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| Enduring Understanding and Objectives Key attitudes, knowledge and skills students will acquire as a result of this unit. |
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| Curriculum Flowchart A summary of the Avian Flu curriculum and major topics. |
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| Curriculum Timeline Lesson timeline based on 55-minute class periods. |
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| Activity Matrix Adapted from the BSCS "5E Model". |
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| Science Standards Topics the ELISA Kit covers in the National Science Standards. |
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| To the Teacher: Beginning Assumptions Curriculum implementation suggestions. |
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| Scenario | Avian Flu Scenario The initial scenario, introducing students to Garfield, the pigeon, and their research task. |
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| KWL Teaching Strategy A link to the Indiana University's KWL Instruction webpage. |
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| Avian Flu | Bird Flu Facts Background information on the H5N1 virus - designed for teachers but appropriate for advanced students. |
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| Epidemiology Map Activity Using WHO data, students plot locations of human and animal H5N1 cases worldwide over time. |
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| Map Activity Overhead Overhead transparency for the Map Activity. |
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| World Map A 17in x 8.5in world map students can use to plot flyways and H5N1 outbreaks. |
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| WHO H5N1 Timeline Link the the WHO webpage containing a PDF of H5N1 outbreaks catalogued by year. |
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| Google Earth A tutorial on how to download and use the Google Earth mashup tracking H5N1, created by Nature.com. |
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| Flu Virus and Antibodies | Flu Virus: Infection of Cell Overhead and Separate Key A 2-page graphic showing the various stages in the viral infection of a cell, along with a key of symbols and terminology. |
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| Flu Virus: Infection of Cell Overhead with Key A 1-page graphic of viral infection of a cell and key. |
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| Avian Flu Terminology This link will take you to the Clean Harbors website, which has created a useful dictionary of influenza terminology. |
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| The Double Helix and Immunology This link will take you to the Nature article, covering the immune system, mechanisms of DNA reshuffling, and antibody formation. |
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| Modeling Antibodies with Chenille Stems Activity An activity designed to teach students about the formation of antibodies by building models out of chenille stems. |
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| The Biology Project: Antibody Structure This link will take you to the University of Arizona's website "The Biology Project", an interactive resource for learning biology. They have created a unit on anitibody structure that is very useful. |
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| SEP PyMOL Guide for the Protein Data Bank Activity This guide is designed to help you locate any protein structure of interest and download it from the Protein Data Bank. |
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| PDB Molecule of the Month: Antibodies Antibodies are the RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month for September 2001. |
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| PDB Molecule of the Month: Hemagglutinin Hemagglutinin is the RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month for April 2006. |
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| ELISA | Planter Tray Model Modeling the concepts utilized by the ELISA assay. |
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| ELISA - Teacher's Guide and Prep Explanation of protocol, dilution procedures, and other information for the teacher to prepare reagents and materials for the ELISA Lab. |
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| Pre-lab Questions - Answer Key Teacher's guide to pre-lab questions given to students. |
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| Usage Guide for 96-well Plates An overhead describing how students should label and use the 96-well plates in the assay. |
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| ELISA Protocol - Student Version The student protocol for the ELISA lab. |
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| ELISA Worksheet - Blank A blank worksheet to be filled out by the students describing their results. |
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| ELISA Positive and Negative Control Overhead An overhead teacher's can use to walk students through the ELISA process. |
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| ELISA Worksheet - Teacher's Key A key for the expected results of the ELISA lab. |
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| ELISA Rubric - Letter From County Health Dept. Expectations of students' understandings based on their final results and a written letter to a "County Health Department". |
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| Pipetting | Teacher's Guide: Measure for Measure | |
| Student Protocol: Measure for Measure | ||
| Gilson-Rainin Protocol Card | ||
| Teacher Resources | Example of Bird Flu Curriculum Submitted by Sue Black, Inglemoor HS | |
| Bird Flu Map Makeup Assaignment Submitted by Sue Black, Inglemoor HS | ||
Additional Web Resources - Avian Flu
These are links to several websites used to develop the ELISA Kit and are excellent resources for additional information on current H5N1 research.
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Nova Movie: The 1918 FluFrom the NOVA website: "Can we better prepare for future flu pandemics by resurrecting the 1918 flu virus? This microbe, recovered from tissue samples of World War I soldiers, is perhaps the deadliest pathogen in human history. In this NOVA scienceNOW video segment, meet microbiologists working in the trenches to (very carefully) reconstruct a virus that killed up to 50 million people worldwide."
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USDA Avian Flu WebsiteThe official USDA website on pandemic flu and avian flu.
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WHO Frequently Asked QuestionsThe World Health Organization's website covering avian influenza information.
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Avian InfluenzaThe Center for Disease Control's extensive website on H5N1.
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Gap MinderUse Gap Minder to explore a world of data and statistics - and its not even boring!
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WHO Global Health AtlasAllows you to query for various diseases (such as influenza, drinking water, etc.) with results displayed on a map. Search by health or disease topic, or keywords and select range of geographic coverage desired.
Additional Web Resources - Swine Flu
These are several links to Avian Flu's "cousin", Swine Flu, which is also a current source of concern for epidemiologists. Swine Flu is caused by the H1N1 virus.
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FHCRC H1N1 SymposiumOn October 12, three of the Hutchinson Center’s leading infectious disease researchers presented a public symposium on H1N1 swine flu. These videos feature Drs. Larry Corey, Ira Longini and Corey Casper.
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Decoding the Pandemic PuzzleAn article from the NCRR at National Institutes of Health concerning the possibile pandemics from H1N1 and H5N1.
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Designing Solutions to Improve Health for AllAn article from the NCRR at the National Institutes of Health concerning pandemic planning in third world countries.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesLink to NIAID's website.
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Google Flu TrendsGoogle Flu Trends uses aggregated Google search data to estimate flu activity.
Images
H1N1 "swine flu" virus
Journal Articles
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The Contents of the SyringeA Nature article covering the development of vaccines.
Links to articles used in the development of the ELISA Kit and important background information for teachers and advanced students.
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New Antibodies Block a Range of InfluenzaA Nature News article concerning newly identified antibodies.
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Heading Off an Influenza PandemicThe continual threat of influenza A viruses such as avian H5N1 lies in their basic biology.
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Structural and Functional Bases for Broad-spectrum Neutralization of Avian and Human Influenza A VirusesInfluenza virus remains a serious health threat, owing to its ability to evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and reassortment.
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors for InfluenzaRecent events, including human cases of avian influenza, have heightened awareness of the threat of a pandemic and have spurred efforts to develop plans for its control.